“Can you create slide presentation of the lesson: ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What is a force, and how can a force affect an object? How can pushes and pulls change an object's motion? What vocabulary will help us describe and explain force and motion? CONTENT OBJECTIVE: Students will investigate balanced and unbalanced forces, explain how forces affect an object’s motion, and use a spring scale to measure force in newtons (N). LANGUAGE OBJECTIVE: Students will use the words force, balanced, unbalanced, motion, and newtons to discuss observations and write an explanation supported by measurements. Sentence stems: “The forces are balanced because ____.” “The forces are unbalanced because the object ____.” “The spring scale measured a force of ____ newtons.” “Our evidence shows ____.” CHECK IN - BELL RINGER - Introduction Show a book resting on a table, then gently push it across the table. Ask students: What forces act on the book while it is resting? What changed when I pushed the book? Does a force always make an object move? Students sketch the book and add arrows showing force directions. Explain that balanced forces do not change an object’s motion; unbalanced forces can change its speed or direction. ACTIVITIES Activity 1: Model Balanced and Unbalanced Forces (8 minutes) Draw arrows representing opposite forces acting on the same object. Compare 5 N pushing right and 5 N pushing left, then 8 N pushing right and 3 N pushing left. Students identify whether the forces are balanced or unbalanced and predict whether the object’s motion will change. Check for Understanding: “How do the strength and direction of the forces help you determine whether they are balanced?” Activity 2: Spring Scale Demonstration (7 minutes) Identify the hook, pointer, and newton markings. (Foldable) Check that the scale reads zero before measuring. Demonstrate attaching the scale to an object and pulling gently in a straight line. Model reading the scale at eye level without exceeding its maximum capacity. Check for Understanding: “What does a spring scale measure? What unit do we use?” Activity 3: Measure and Compare Forces (15 minutes) Students work in groups to pull an empty pencil box using a spring scale. Add supplies to the box and repeat on the same surface. Complete three trials for each condition. Record the force in newtons needed to start the box moving and describe the motion observed. Compare measurements and discuss which condition required more force. Check for Understanding: “Which condition required more force to start moving? What measurements support your answer?” Activity 4: Force Detectives (5–10 minutes) Partners classify the following scenarios as balanced or unbalanced: A book resting on a table. A cart speeding up. A ball changing direction. A toy car moving in a straight line at constant speed. Students explain their choices using: “The forces are ____ because ____.” Check for Understanding: “Can an object be moving while the forces acting on it are balanced?” VOCABULARY Vocabulary: Force, Motion, Push, Pull, Gravity, Friction, Applied Force, Balanced Forces, Unbalanced Forces, Speed, Direction, Position CHECK OUT / EXIT TICKET Two opposite forces of 6 N act on an object. Are they balanced or unbalanced? Explain. An object begins moving after a push. What does this tell you about the forces acting on it? What tool measures force, and what unit does it use? Closing statement: “Balanced forces do not change motion. Unbalanced forces change motion. A spring scale measures force in newtons.””