“Unit 05: Unrest and Revolt in Texas – 1821-1836 7.1A Era Revolution • Characterized by the rising tensions between Texas empresarios and settlers with the Mexican government culminating in the Texas Revolution and independence for Texas. 7.3A Describe CHAIN OF EVENTS THAT LED TO THE TEXAS REVOLUTION • Fredonian Rebellion – in 1826, in Nacogdoches, a group of Texans formed the Fredonian Republic led by the Edwards Brothers, claimed the area was no longer under Mexican control. Stephen F. Austin sided with the Mexican government and marched to Nacogdoches to help stop the rebellion. It ended quickly. • Mier y Terán – in 1828, the Mexican government sent Gen. Manuel Mier y Terán to investigate the conditions in northern Texas. He found that the Anglo-Americans outnumbered Mexicans 10 to 1. The report resulted in the Law of April 6. • Law of April 6, 1830 – in 1828, the Mexican government sent Mier y Terán to report on the new immigrants moving into Texas. He reported concerns about the Anglo Americans. This resulted in the Law of April 6 which outlawed immigration from the U.S. to Texas and canceled all empresarial grants that had not been fulfilled. It did encourage European immigration. Enslaved people could no longer be brought into Mexico to work, and customs duties were imposed on all goods entering Texas from the U.S. • Turtle Bayou Resolutions – Anahuac settlers gathered at Turtle Bayou following the uprising at Anahuac. John Austin was sent to retrieve a cannon to be brought back from Brazoria and drafted resolutions pledging continued loyalty to Mexico under the Constitution of 1824. Santa Anna seemed to support the Constitution of 1824. This event resulted in Colonel Jose de las Piedras ordering the release of William B. Travis and Patrick Jack from jail. Bradburn was dismissed from his command with the Mexican army • Arrest of Stephen F. Austin – Austin traveled to Mexico to meet with Mexican officials and delivered the resolution written by Texas officials about their concerns. When he arrived, Santa Anna had becomethe leader of Mexico, but so much time has gone by that Austin sent a letter back to Texas to tell Texas officials to establish a state government. Austin has a meeting with Santa Anna who agrees to address many of the grievances. Austin is on his return when he is arrested for treason because of the letter he wrote to Texas officials earlier. He was not allowed to return to Texas until summer of 1835. 7.3B Explain ROLES PLAYED BY SIGNIFICANT INDIVIDUALS DURING THE TEXAS REVOLUTION • George Childress – chaired the committee in charge of writing the Texas Declaration of Independence • Lorenzo de Zavala – helped write the Texas Declaration of Independence and helped design the ad interim government at Washington-on-the Brazos; was elected Vice President of the new republic • James Fannin – led the Texans at Coleto Creek and surrendered to Urrea; later he was executed at Goliad by order of Santa Anna • Sam Houston – leader of the Revolutionary Army during the Texas Revolution • Antonio López de Santa Anna – dictator of Mexico, and military leader of the Mexican Army during the Texas Revolution • Juan Seguín – served with Travis at the Alamo, but survived because he was sent out as a messenger to warn Sam Houston about the events at the Alamo. He continued to serve under Sam Houston at the Battle of San Jacinto. • William B. Travis –military leader of the Texas forces at the Alamo; was killed by Mexican forces at the Alamo 7.3.C explain the issues surrounding significant events of the Texas Revolution, • Battle of Gonzales o First battle of the Texas Revolution – October 2, 1835 o Citizens of Gonzales would not give up a cannon that was given to them by the Mexican government to protect them from American Indians. o A militia led by J.H. Moore flew a flag over the cannon which said “Come and Take It”. o Lieutenant Francisco Castaneda led 100 men to Gonzales to take the cannon. o The militia fired the cannon on October 2 at the Mexican soldiers, a battle began, and so did the Texas Revolution. • The siege of the Alamo and all the heroic defenders who gave their lives there o Sam Houston ordered the Alamo to be destroyed. o James Bowie and James Neill decided that the Alamo was too important. o James Bowie and William Travis began to recruit supporters. o Santa Anna arrived in San Antonio. o The Texans moved into the Alamo and for 13 days fought the Mexicans. o The fall of the Alamo occurred on the morning of March 6, 1836. o 1800 Mexican troops fought against approximately 189 Texans. o All Texans were killed, and approximately 600 Mexican soldiers were also killed. • William B. Travis's letter "To the People of Texas and All Americans in the World" o Travis wrote this letter to recruit men to help him and his men at the Alamo after Santa Anna showed up in San Antonio, February 23. • Constitutional Convention of 1836 o Texas delegates met at Washington-on-the-Brazos. o Declared independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836 o Wrote a constitution to form an ad interim government for the Republic of Texas • Fannin's surrender at Goliad o Colonel James Fannin surrendered his 300 men at the Battle of Coleto because he was pinned on the open prairie. o Texans fought the Mexicans off, but Fannin decided to surrender to prevent more deaths. o Captives were marched to Goliad, and Urrea told them they were not going to be killed, but Santa Anna ordered the captives to all be shot on March 21. • Battle of San Jacinto o April 21, 1836 o Shortest battle in history o Sam Houston led the Texas forces – 800 men o Santa Anna led the Mexican forces – 1300 men o Houston burned every way out of San Jacinto and attacked the Mexican Army about 3:00 p.m. o The battle lasted 18 minutes o Santa Anna was captured the next day and surrendered to Sam Houston Term Definition centralists those in Mexico who favored a strong central government with power concentrated among a few leaders courier a messenger generally delivering correspondence delegate a person acting as a representative for others federalists those in Mexico who supported the establishment of a federal system of government like that in the United States republic form of government in which people elect representatives to legislate revolution a movement to bring about change siege surrounding a fortification to cut it off from supplies treaty a formal agreement between countries Understandings & Questions Attempts by Mexican officials to impose more control over Texans fueled growing unrest. • Why did the actions of Haden Edwards upset Mexican officials? • How did Mexican officials react to the Mier y Terán report? • What policies were enacted by Mexican officials to gain control over Texas? • What events led to the writing of the Turtle Bayou Resolutions?”